This is an updated version of a paper presented at the Carlisle PLA Conference in October 2018 hosted by the US Army War College, National Bureau of Asian Research, National Defense University, and the US Indo-Pacific Command. The US Army War College published an abbreviated version of the paper as a chapter in the book “The People in the PLA 2.0” available at https://press.armywarcollege.edu/monographs/944/