This issue of TRISA Red Diamond spotlights the Horn of Africa Operational Environment Assessment (2013). This document is a major update on seven states in the HOA. For training, another document published in June by TRISA-CTID is the Regionally Aligned Forces Training Environment (RAFTE)-Africa.
Updated information since the publication of the Threat Report on the Camp Bastion Attack in Afghanistan reveals recently released details of what occurred in the attack on the airfield. Another Threat Report assesses the insurgent attack on a shopping mall in Nairobi, Kenya.
Entities such as guerrillas and insurgents are examples that appear to lack concise definition. To know a threat and know an enemy, an article offers considerations to describe and understand these threats in training.
Criminality in the context of a Hybrid Threat (HT) for training addresses how to integrate criminal activities in training exercises. Dynamic changes and capabilities of an Opposing Force (OPFOR) in a Combat Training Center (CTC) rotation present the complexities encountered in a persistent conflict environment.
The cyber threat and electronic infiltration tactics and techniques are the focus of an article on capabilities and effects of computer warfare and information attack.