Suneel Kumar Kodambaka_2, Virginia Tech | Advanced Materials

High Entropy Carbide Maze: Neuromuscular spindles are types of stretch receptors present within skeletal muscles. Stretch receptors, also known as proprioceptors, are diverse group of mechanosensory neurons present in the body - within joints, muscles, tendons, and around internal organs. They sense the stretch/movement/load/position of the joint/muscle/tendon/organ they are attached to, respectivley. In essence, proprioceptors monitor internal environments and mediate reflexive movements in nearly all motile animals. In practical terms, these sensors inform brains of the speed and stretch of moving muscles which requires continuous monitoring and responses from the motor system. These receptors affect how animals move and interact with objects in their environment, and as we get older, deterioration of proprioception affects posture, balance, movement, and muscle control, which is a focus of aging research. Mimicking proprioceptive sensing and reflexes has been a goal of robotics in order to build artificial systems capable of complex movements. As an engineer and neuroscientist, I was fascinated by the innumerable computations performed by our brains for the simplest movements which integrate information from muscle spindles. While being anatomically accurate and sourced from published microscopy images, I have taken artistic license with the colors. This painting is part of my series “sensory perceptions” in which I try to capture the diversity and beauty of sensory perceptual systems. Contributors: Dr. Hicham Zaid, Dr. Koichi Tanaka, and Prof. Suneel Kodambaka